Protective Effect of Sulforaphane on Reproductive Function of Male Mice with Cadmium Poisoning

The study was aimed to explore the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on the reproductive function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.40 healthy clean grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group (H₂O),cadmium chloride group (2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),sulforaphane group (10 mg/kg SFN),sulforaphane + cadmium chloride group (10 mg/kg SFN+2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),and continuous administration for 10 d,all mice were executed by dislocated cervical vertebra at 2 d after the last administration,and then the pathologic changes of testicular tissues,organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis,sperm quality and concentration of testosterone were tested.Additionally,the contents of GSH and MDA,and the activities of T-SOD in testis were also detected at the same time. Compared with the control group,pathology damages were observed in cadmium chloride group,organ coefficient of testis and epididymis,sperm quality and levels of testosterone extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),the activities of T-SOD and GSH content were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly enhanced (P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the activity of T-SOD and concentration of GSH in sulforaphane group were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the concentration of MDA was not significant different between the control group and sulforaphane group (P>0.05).While compared with the cadmium chloride group,the sperm motility rate and sperm total count in sulforaphane and cadmium chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis was increased significantly (P<0.05),the concentration of GSH and activity of T-SOD in testicular tissue were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01).The results indicated that sulforaphane had the protection effect on reproduction function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.     

A Thermodynamic Criteria for Evaluation of Heat Exchanger Performance

The concept of loss rate of available energy was introduced for evaluating heat exchanger performance. At the same time, the general expression of loss rate of available energy was obtained for heat exchangers of several typical. And NL criteria was recommended for evaluation of the loss rate of available energy of heat exchanger. Then. the influences of inlet temperatures ratio, heat capacity ratio of fluids, the number of heat transfer units and flow patterns of heat exchanger on ,VL criteria were also discussed.     

Phenotypic variations of wheat cultivars from the North China Plain in response to cadmium stress and associated single nucleotide polymorphisms identified by a genome-wide association study

Understanding the genetic mechanisms for cadmium(Cd) uptake and translocation in common wheat(Triticum aestivum) is of significance in food Cd contamination control. In this study, a diverse panel of 132 wheat cultivars was collected from the North China Plain. The cultivars were evaluated in terms of their phenotypic variations in response to Cd stress and subjected to a genome-wide association study(GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) associated with the phenotypic variatio...     

湿地匍灯藓（Plagiomnium acutum）的防御机制对镉胁迫的响应

采用浸没培养实验研究不同浓度镉溶液（0、2、5、50mg·L-1）对湿地匍灯藓（Plagiomnium acutum）的膜系统、光合系统的损伤情况及其抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明：湿地匍灯藓外表伤害症状随Cd胁迫浓度增加而加重;湿地匍灯藓对Cd有较强的生物富集能力,且藓体Cd累积量与溶液Cd浓度显著正相关（P〈0.05）;湿地匍灯藓的总叶绿素含量随Cd浓度增加显著降低,其含量与可溶性蛋白含量显著正相关（P〈0.05）;Cd胁迫引起湿地匍灯藓的丙二醛（MDA）积累,同时伴随可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量显著增加,其中可溶性糖含量与MDA含量显著正相关（P〈0.05）;可溶性蛋白含量和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性随Cd浓度增加均持续下降,而超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）的活性却随Cd浓度增加而呈现逐渐上升趋势,其中可溶性蛋白和CAT活性均与MDA含量显著负相关（P〈0.05）,SOD活性则与MDA含量显著正相关（P〈0.05）,POD活性与MDA含量极显著正相关（P〈0.01）。Cd胁迫抑制或降解光合作用相关酶类、细胞膜质过氧化和蛋白质代谢紊乱可能是湿地匍灯藓遭受Cd毒害的主要原因;湿地匍灯藓通过增加可溶性糖含量、SOD和POD活性来抵御Cd的毒害,但由于CAT活性丧失,使湿地匍灯藓的防御系统崩溃,最终导致了湿地匍灯藓细胞的凋亡。可溶性糖、SOD和POD可以作为湿地匍灯藓防御Cd毒害的指标。     

毕节岩溶区坡耕地烟草镉安全评价研究

以贵州省毕节地区岩溶环境烟水配套工程为例,通过实地调查和采样,对烟草地土壤-烟草系统镉进行评价。结果表明,烟草地土壤镉含量0.12~0.67 mg.kg-1,平均0.40 mg.kg-1,已遭轻度-中度污染。水溶态、离子交换态、碳酸盐结合态、腐植酸态、铁锰氧化物结合态、强有机结合态和残渣态镉分别为0.024、0.100、0.033、0.067、0.096、0.019 mg.kg-1和0.016 mg.kg-1,其中离子交换态、铁锰结合态和腐植酸态占66%。全镉与水溶态、离子交换态和铁锰结合态,水溶态与离子交换态和碳酸盐结合态,离子交换态与铁锰氧化物结合态显著正相关,揭示了镉形态间的转化关系及其对烟草的潜在影响。烟株上部烟叶镉含量1.04～1.59 mg.kg-1,茎、根中镉残留量为0.2～1.4 mg.kg-1,可能与源自K326的主推和示范品种对镉的提取效率高有关。因此,建议采用吸收镉低的烟草品种和合理的差异性水肥管理措施,固定土壤中活性态镉,降低土壤镉向烟株的转移,以保障烟叶品质,同时妥善处理这些农业废弃物以保护环境。     

改性花生壳对水中Cd^2＋和Pb^2＋的吸附研究

用高锰酸钾对花生壳进行改性,制成改性花生壳吸附材料,并进一步就该吸附剂对水中重金属离子Pb^2＋、Cd^2＋的吸附去除性能进行了考察,结果表明,吸附在18h后基本达到平衡,吸附Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋最佳初始pH值分别为4.5和6.5,对Pb^2＋的吸附量最大达到104.75mg·g^-1,对Cd^2＋的吸附量最大达到43.11mg·g^-1。对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋在该吸附剂上的竞争吸附研究结果表明,竞争吸附的干扰使得Cd^2＋的吸附量降低88.47%,Pb^2＋的吸附量降低20.80%,且Pb^2＋的吸附量为Cd^2＋的5-6倍,吸附剂对重金属离子的吸附选择顺序为Pb^2＋〉Cd^2＋。     

不同采样尺度下土壤碱解氮空间变异性研究——以榆树市农田土壤为例

在精准农业的实施过程中,研究如何用较少的样本来反映田间信息的空间变异规律,再用科学的插值方法进行插值和预估是精准农业研究中的一个关键问题。以东北典型黑土区——吉林省榆树市为研究区域,在榆树市弓棚镇13号村内选择相对平整的地块进行土壤采样并测试其土壤养分。在对原始采样格网点按一定的样点间隔和布局进行抽取的基础上,利用克里格插值方法和BP神经网络方法分别进行空间插值,比较不同采样尺度（40m×40m,56m×56m,80m×80m,113m×113m,160m×160m五个尺度）对空间插值精度的影响。结果表明:（1）随着采样尺度的增大,碱解氮的空间结构系数C/（C₀+C）有减小的趋势,表明采样间距以内的不可估计误差逐渐增大,其空间结构的表现能力在逐渐减弱;（2）Kriging插值精度总体优于BP神经网络,随着采样尺度的增加,两种模型的模拟精度都有所下降,BP神经网路的插值精度和Kriging模型的插值精度的差距逐渐减小;（3）两种模型在113m×113m尺度上插值精度都发生了突变,如考虑碱解氮的空间变异规律和经济因素,碱解氮的最佳采样尺度应在80～113m。     

施用生物炭和零价铁粉对土壤中镉形态变化的影响

通过施用生物碳和还原性铁粉,研究其对土壤镉形态变化的影响.结果表明:生物碳或还原性铁粉单施及二者配施均极显著改变土壤镉形态.其中生物炭、还原性铁粉二者配施效果优于单施;单施生物炭主要对交换态镉的降低效果显著,同时对碳酸盐结合态镉、有机结合态镉及残渣态镉的形成起显著作用;而单施还原性铁粉对铁锰氧化结合态镉的形成起显著作用.另外,镉的活性指数从4.36降到0.97,不同形态镉含量的最大变化为,交换态镉比例从81.04％降到49.16％;碳酸盐结合态镉从9.44％升到17.93％;铁锰氧化结合态镉从2.95％升到10.88％;有机结合态镉从2.66％升到11.33％;残渣态镉从3.91％升到14.42％.在16个处理中,I3B2(铁粉0.045 g/kg土和生物炭3.0 g/kg土)处理为最佳组合.     

小麦蚕豆间作对红壤有效磷的影响及其与根际pH值的关系

在云南红壤上采用田间小区试验,通过测定分蘖～拔节期、孕穗～抽穗期、灌浆～乳熟期不同土层深度小麦根际土壤有效磷(available phosphorus)含量和根际pH值,比较研究了小麦蚕豆间作对小麦根际土壤有效磷含量和pH值的影响,探讨了间作小麦根际pH与根际土壤有效磷之间的相互作用.结果表明,与小麦单作相比,小麦蚕豆间作显著地促进了小麦产量的提高.同时,小麦蚕豆间作促进了小麦根际土壤有效磷含量的提高,分蘖～拔节期、孕穗～抽穗期0-10 cm、10-20 cm土层单、间作差异显著;间作显著降低了分蘖～拔节期10-20 cm土层、孕穗～抽穗期0-10 cm、10-20 cm、20-30 cm土层小麦根际土壤pH.分蘖～拔节期、灌浆～乳熟期,单、间作小麦根际土壤有效磷含量与根际pH呈负相关关系.试验表明,在红壤上间作小麦根际土壤有效磷含量的提高与间作降低根际pH有密切关系.     

低浓度镉对大白菜苗期生长及营养元素吸收积累的影响研究

在实验室用水培模拟轻度污染土壤,研究低浓度 Cd(5 1.μmol/L)对不同Cd耐性的4个大白菜品种苗期生长及营养元素吸收积累的影响.结果表明,低浓度Cd对耐性强的品种的生长有促进作用,对耐性差的品种的生长有抑制作用.5umol几Cd显著促进大白菜根系对S、Cu的吸收,分别增加22.0%～58.0%、45.9%～116.0%,但抑制S、Cu向地上部转运;大白菜地上部K、P、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn含量受到Cd的较强抑制,且抑制程度存在品种差异.